What is a programming language?
A programming language is a special language that programmers use to develop software programs, scripts, or other sets of instructions for computers to execute.
Languages for A.I.
Lisp Language
LISP (LISt Processor) is a family of Programming Languages that are compiled and interpreted.
Initially it was designed to be used as a practical mathematical notation for computer programs. The language later gained popularity and it was used further for conducting artificial intelligence research, primarily thanks to computer and cognitive scientist John McCarthy, who is generally credited with the invention of artificial intelligence. It was created in 1958, one year after Fortran language.
Lisp is a programming language that was designed for easy manipulation of data strings in fact, programs can manipulate source code as a data structure, giving rise to the macro systems that allow programmers to create new syntax, in fact it can evolve and improve itself.
Lisp has changed since its early days, and many dialects have existed over its history. Today, the best known general-purpose Lisp dialects are Common Lisp and Scheme.
Prolog Language
Prolog (Programming Logic) is an high-level programming language based on formal logic.
The language was first designed by a group around Alain Colmerauer in Marseille, France, in the early 1970s and the first Prolog system was developed in 1972 by Colmerauer with Philippe Roussel.
Prolog was one of the first logic programming languages, and remains the most popular among such languages today, with several free and commercial implementations available. It has also some dialects like ISO Prolog or Edinburgh Prolog.
Unlike traditional programming languages that are based on performing sequences of commands, Prolog is based on defining and then solving logical formulas. Prolog is sometimes called a declarative language because its programs consist of a list of facts and rules.
Prolog is used widely for artificial intelligence applications, it is also well-suited for specific tasks that benefit from rule-based logical queries such as searching databases, voice control systems, and filling templates.